Iago´s Facade in William Shakespeare´s Othello - 520 Words

â€Å"I am not what I am† (I i 71). In Shakespeare’s Othello no phrase describes the villainous Iago better than this. Iago hides behind the faà §ade of a loyal soldier while secretly manipulating the world around him not only for personal gain but also in order to ruin the lives of those he feels have wronged him. Even those close to Iago, such as his loyal servant Roderigo, who think they know him, are being deceived. Throughout the play Iago shows his ability to manipulate people based on their good traits, one key example being Othello. Iago ruins Othello’s life by abusing his sense of trust and exploiting his forceful nature. Iago abuses Othello’s trusting inclination in order both further his personal rank and ruin the lives of those he feels have wronged him. Trusting by nature, Othello initially refuses to see anything but the best in people, including Iago. Iago exploits this by making Othello believe things that are completely false. In Othello’s view Iago would not lie to him because he had no reason to and had never done so before. Iago does this because he feels he has been wronged when told that â€Å"[Cassio]†¦ must his lieutenant be†¦ and I his Moorship’s ancient† (I i 35). Iago thinks that he should be given the position that was given instead to Cassio, and he feels that he must take brutal revenge on Othello for being the source of his calamities. Using the trust bestowed upon him by Othello Iago feeds rumors to Othello that trigger jealousy and arouseShow MoreRelatedAnalysis Of Sax s Film Othello 1457 Words   |  6 PagesGeoffrey Sax s adva nced retelling of William Shakespeare s Othello can control Shakespeare s unique ideas in spite of the time period and connection in which both writings happen, while investigating the all inclusive topics of prejudice, misogyny and force. Shakespeare s play reflects conventional Elizabethan connections and qualities in its investigation of such ideas amidst a catastrophe impelled on by misleading and desirously (Aebischer 12). On the other hand, Geoffrey Sax s 2001 representationRead MoreAnalysis of Act One of Othello by William Shakespeare Essay1474 Words   |  6 PagesAnalysis of Act One of Othello by William Shakespeare Act 1 is an exceptionally indicative passage of writing in which Shakespeare attempts to divulge the coarse essence of Iagos nature to the audience. 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On the inside, he is a cold and calculating genius, whose soleRead MoreComparing Power in The Tempest and Othello1801 Words   |  8 PagesPower in ‘The Tempest’ and ‘Othello’ Both plays are about the ultimate struggle for power. Power can be shown in many ways such as race, gender, ‘others’, social class, and most importantly through use of language. Power can be shown in both plays through the use of ‘otherness’. This can be associated with power as characters such as Othello or Caliban are ‘others’ because they are from ‘elsewhere’. One such character who could be described as an ‘other’ is Othello. Bill Bryson suggested thatRead MoreThe Tragedy Of Othello By William Shakespeare1737 Words   |  7 Pagesof Othello the: Moor of Venice was written by William Shakespeare, and it is only one of countless notable plays he wrote. A reoccurring theme in Othello is jealousy brought on usually by deception; throughout the play people often hide their true intentions and are not always what they appear to be like W.H Auden said â€Å"There s always another story. There s more than meets the eye .† The relationships Iago built on manipulation, lies, and false promises were a crucial part of the play; Iago wasRead MoreWilliam Shakespeare s Othello And Hamlet1721 Words   |  7 PagesKeana Cowden ENGL3563-100: Shakespeare Katherine Eggart 16 November 2015 Insert Title here An Elizabethan woman can be characterized as one that is submissive and subservient to men. William Shakespeare utilizes this type of woman when he wishes to show his audience the cruel nature of men. In both of his tragedies, Othello and Hamlet, Shakespeare presents cruelty in the form of male domination, where most of the time, the women are undeserving of ramifications such as death. 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Treating the subject of personal human relationships, the tragedy which should have been a love story speaks to both reading and viewing audiences by exploring the archetypal dramatic values of love and betrayal. The final source

Nephron Technology for Lube Oil Free Essays

string(116) " machines require pans under them, which need to be vacuumed regularly, and the waste oils pose a disposal problem\." Nephron technology makes a difference Engr Maliha Maisha Rahman Bannichi Enterprise limited Literature Review:TBN: In short, a TBN (total base number) measures the amount of active additive left in a sample of oil. The TBN of a used oil can aid the user in determining how much reserve additive the oil has left to neutralize acids. The lower the TBN reading, the less active additive the oil has left. We will write a custom essay sample on Nephron Technology for Lube Oil or any similar topic only for you Order Now Oil’s function is to lubricate, clean, and cool the engine. Additives are added to the oil to enhance those functions. Viscosity: Technically, viscosity is defined as resistance to flow. Commonly though, we think of it as an oil’s thickness. To be more specific, it is the thickness of an oil at a given temperature. The viscosity of an oil could be reported at any temperature, but to standardize things, most laboratories report either a low temp (100F or 40C) or a high temp (210F or 100C) and stick with either SUS or cSt. The standardized temperature reading allows us to compare apples to apples for judging the thickness of the oil. Single Grade ; Multi Grade Viscosity: today since most gas- or diesel-engine manufacturers recommend multi-grades. At operating temperature, a straight weight performs just as well as a multi-viscosity oil, and there is nothing wrong with using a straight weight. It’s just a simpler form of oil. Some diesel fleets still use straight weights, as do about half the piston aircraft operators. The difference between multi-grade and straight-weight oil is simply the addition of a viscosity improving (VI) additive. The most common grade of automotive oil in use today is the 5W/30, which is a mineral oil refined with VI additives that leave it reading as an SAE 5W viscosity when cold, yet an SAE 30W when hot (210F). The advantage to the multi-weight is that when starting the engine, the multi-viscosity oil (with its thickness of an SAE 5W when cold), allows the engine to spin over more easily. The most common diesel use oil is 15W/40. It is an SAE 15W oil with a VI additive that leaves it the thickness of an SAE 40 weight at operating temperature. What makes an oil a diesel-use oil (rather than automotive-use) is the level of additives used. Diesels require heavier levels of dispersant and anti-wear additives. These heavier additive levels are objectionable for automotive engines since they may interfere with the emission controls andated by the EPA. Need To Choose the Proper Viscosity: We are seeing that trend for newer engines, for which the recommended grade is getting progressively lighter. The common 10W/30 has become a 5W/30, and some manufacturers even recommend 5W/20 oil. On the other hand, we can’t see (in oil analysis) where it hurts anything to run heavier 10W/30s or even 10W/4 0s in modern automotive engines. The heavier oils provide more bearing film, and that’s important at the lower end. If your oil is too light, the bearing metals can increase. If the oil is too heavy, the upper end metals can increase. The trick is to find the right viscosity for your particular engine, which is why we suggest following the manufacturer’s recommendation. Changes in Viscosity/Adding additives? Then the Result Comes: Adding anything foreign to your oil can change its viscosity. Some types of after-market oil additives cause a quite high viscosity at operating temperature. While an additive might improve bearing wear, it can often cause poorer upper-end wear. We don’t recommend any type of after-market additives. Other changes to viscosity can result from contamination of the oil. Moisture and fuel can both cause the viscosity to increase or decrease, depending on the contaminant and how long it has been present in the oil. Antifreeze often increases an oil’s viscosity. Exposure to excessive heat (leaving the oil in use too long, engine overheating) can also increase viscosity. When your oil’s viscosity comes back as either lower or higher than the â€Å"Should Be† range, something is causing it. If the high/low viscosity is hurting wear, the key is to find out what it is and repair your engine or adjust your driving habits accordingly, to correct the viscosity and optimize your engine’s efficiency. If you decide to use a different viscosity oil than what the manufacturer recommends, you might want to use oil analysis while you are experimenting. Your wear data doesn’t lie. People selling oils and additives may be sincere, but they don’t have to live with the results. They simply smile a lot on the way to the bank. MoistureProblems: Industrial oils run â€Å"cold† compared to other (such as automotive-use) oils, and they tend to accumulate moisture. The moisture comes from humidity in the air, or in some cases, it’s directly introduced to the oil from coolants and related systems. Moisture affects the lubricity of the oil, decreasing its effectiveness. Moisture in the oil can cause a variety of problems, such as poorly running hydraulic rams, machine sizing, and chatter. Another negative effect of moisture in oil is acidity. Oil, by its molecular nature, cannot become an acid. But there is always a little moisture present in oils operating at relatively cool temperatures, and that moisture can turn acidic. Acids in a machine’s oil sump will corrosively attack internal parts not only the metallic parts, but the seals as well. Corroded valves become ineffective. Many headaches in a machine’s operation can be directly attributed to oil condition. Though oils do not respond to the pH test, there is a neutralization test called Total Acid Number (TAN) that can easily spot oil that is becoming problematic. AbrasionProblems Industrial oil becomes abrasive from wear metals, abrasive dirt, and particle contamination. The most serious result of abrasive oil is the detrimental effect it has on seals. Machine seals are lubricated by the system’s oil, and they will last a long time if the oils are maintained effectively. If they are not maintained properly, the seals will degrade and cause leakage. Leaking machines require pans under them, which need to be vacuumed regularly, and the waste oils pose a disposal problem. You read "Nephron Technology for Lube Oil" in category "Essay examples" Fresh oil is purchased needlessly, running up maintenance costs. Machines that leak oil also run the risk of being run low on oil and having improper oils used as replacement. All these expensive problems can be eliminated by keeping machine oils in serviceable condition. WhatAboutFilteringOil? Many industrial operations hire filtration companies to filter insolubles and abrasive contaminants from their oil. Some plants operate their own filtration equipment. Filtering oil that’s currently in use is a good idea, and it helps companies avoid needlessly purchasing virgin oil products, but it has limits. Oil that is filtered too many times can contain damaged additives. If the additives are damaged, the oil can’t function effectively: the oil loses lubricity and becomes oxidized. There is a point at which the additives either need to be restored or the oil needs to be replaced, and oil analysis is useful in determining this point. It can also help to rate the effectiveness of a company’s filtration program. Not all wear metals and abrasive contaminants can be filtered out of the oil; they tend to accumulate and eventually reach levels that leave the oil unserviceable. A test known as the ISO Cleanliness Code (also called a â€Å"Particle Count†) can be used to rate the cleanliness of an oil sample. This test also shows the effectiveness of the machine’s in-line oil filtration. Insolubles test : The insolubles test measures the total insoluble materials in an oil sample, that is, all solid or liquid materials that are not soluble (won’t mix) in oil. Virgin oil shouldn’t have any insoluble materials in it. When it occasionally does, the most we normally find is a trace level. The insolubles in virgin oil are from the normal oxidation process of the oil, which leaves free carbon in suspension when oxygen forms with hydrogen (oil is a hydrocarbon). The insolubles test is a centrifuge method. A measured volume of oil is mixed with a heated solvent, agitated, and spun at high speed. Insoluble materials collect at the bottom of a tapered glass tube and can then be quantified. The insolubles test is a fair measure of how fast the oil is oxidizing and receiving contaminants, and how effectively the system’s oil filtration is functioning. Industrial oil normally contains very low insolubles due to the few and relatively mild heat cycles the oil experiences (heat cycles accelerate the oil’s normal tendency to oxidize). Further, oil filtration on industrial machines may filter particles as small as 2 to 10 microns, keeping the oil pristine for a very long time, often years. Automotive and aircraft oils however, suffer the most difficult environmental problems of all types of oils we analyze. They regularly receive blow-by products from the combustion process. They suffer extreme heat cycles. Any contaminant in the oil will accelerate the oxidation process, causing insoluble materials to increase. Engine oil needs to be changed regularly due to all of the above. Excessive insolubles can form in an engine oil if the oil: is running hot, is receiving more than a normal amount of contamination, is suffering more (or more severe) heat cycles than is normal, is being run longer than a typical use cycle, or, on the other side of the coin, if oil filtration is marginal or relatively ineffective. If we found no contamination in your oil and your change intervals are normal, we often mention a problem at oil filtration as a possible cause of higher insolubles. Insolubles may be forming because your oil change interval is too long for the condition of the engine. Your oil filter may be inferior. It is possible the oil filter bypass valve has relived if the filter is becoming restricted. The filter system bypass may also open upon unusually cold starts when the oil is too thick to pass through the filter media. Once the bypass relieves, the filter is effectively out of the system. Fig: insoluble pentane and tolueneReport of E16(without using nephron system) and E-45 (with our nephron system):Figure: working procedure of nephronMarine Engineering thesis- 30000 hours lubricating oil continued using experimentEngine specification, graphs showing lube oil change and viscosity, Tables showing wear and tear ratio. Engine Specification Engine model| | 8N21AL-EV| | Type| Vertical water-cooled 4-cycle diesel engine| Number of cylinder| 8| Cylinder bore x stroke [mm]| 210 x 290| Total displacement [lit. ]| 80. 36| Continuous rated output [kW(PS)]| | 1300 (1768)| | Engine speed [min-l]| | | 900 | 1000| | | Generator capacity [kWe]| | 1200| | Combustion system| Direct injection| Starting system| Air-motor starting| Engine model| | 6N21AL-EV| | Type| Vertical water-cooled 4-cycle diesel engine| Number of cylinder| 6| Cylinder bore x stroke [mm]| 210 x 290| Total displacement [lit. ]| 60. 27| Continuous rated output [kW(PS)]| | 970 (1319)| | Engine speed [min-l]| | | 900 1000| | | | Generator capacity [kWe]| | 900| | Combustion system| Direct injection| Starting system| Air-motor starting| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | Conclusion: The nephron system cleans the impurities in the LO at almost the same time that they appear, continually cleaning and maintaining the oil. This is the main reason why this system was selected for this experiment. Those particles of the lube oil that do deteriorate via oxidation are so small when using the filtration system of the nephron system that they can be disregarded. The particles of lube oil that is lost when using lube oil are those that are oxidized, evaporated or destroyed by high temperature. In other words, the ratio of molecules with large molecular weight grows as time passes using the lube oil. This is because the molecules which are smaller are more susceptible to heat and are therefore lost more easily. The oil begins to resemble the properties of the high grade naturally occurring lube oil in such location as bright stock. The actual burning proof load of this oil is approximately 25% better than that of new oil. For these reasons it is natural to use nephron system. The more time proceeds it gets more viscous. How to cite Nephron Technology for Lube Oil, Essay examples

Media Psychology Capstone

Question: Desceibe about the digital comics: Creating a pathway for autistic children to connect through a superhero narrative. Answer: Introduction Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) or autism is a complex developmental disability. It is detected in childhood and impairs the communication ability of an individual (Thompson, 2013). It is characterized by certain set of behaviors and is called as spectrum condition that affect each child differently and to a varying degree. In United Kingdom autism occurs in every 1 in 68 births (ADDM autism prevalence report, 2014). It has been estimated by autism society that the US cost for autism annually is $90 billion. Autistic children face bewildering and irrational challenges in the world. They are expected to cope with this challenges which results in high level of anxiety, stress and behaviors. Dealing with such behavior becomes difficult for people around them and offers a significant challenge to the health care service providers, educators, and other professionals such as social workers, language therapists (Park et al., 2012). Some of such behaviors include difficulty with executive fun ctioning, poor motor skills and sensory sensitivities, difficulty making eye contact, delayed learning of language, persistent fixation on particular object, lack of ability to socialize with peers, distorted speech and language. It implies the need of a practical approach to understand the behavior of the autistic children and provide necessary support (Radley et al., 2015). According to Burn Durran, (2007), children do not outgrow autism but it is treatable through early diagnosis and intervention. Recently there is an increasing popularity of superhero narratives representing the both the embodied and social experiences of autistic children such as the Super, Circling Normal. These emerging tools have the ability to breach the wall of ignorance build up around the children with autism and generate greater public awareness of such disabilities. The unique characteristics of these comic strips are to promote the rights of autism children, demonstrate the impact of autism on the fa milies and empower children to become successful in their environment. In this assignment we will deal with how digital comics acts as a pathway for autistic children to relate with their cognitive disability and breaks the confining cultural framework through which some people are overlooked and other are seen. Further, the paper also discusses the Piagets theory of cognitive development and children learning. It explains how this theory can help teachers to tackle autistic children and improve their learning skills. A thorough literature review is performed to support the facts in the paper and lastly conclusion is drawn based on the discussion. Cognitive models of autism Autism mainly consists of three primary symptoms which involve behavioral, social and communication aspects. Several theories have been developed to explain the dilemma related to cognitive dysfunction of autism (Park et al., 2012). The mind deficit theory refers to the ability of children for imagination, beliefs, desires, and emotions and makes other mental states. Autistic children have a cognitive deficit as they cannot understand others thoughts (Locke, 2005). As per the executive functioning theory children mind involve in planning, impulse control, mental flexibility, inhibition, working memory and monitoring of action. Autistic children have executive dysfunction which is reflected in their repetitive and restricted behavior. Their poor social connection appears to be defect in cognitive shifting an important factor of executive function (Cohn, 2013). The persistency in particular behavior and focusing on specific parts of the objects seen in autistic children can be explaine d through weak central coherence theory which refers to inability of the child to see broader side of things or context (Simmons et al., 2014). According to Piagets two factor theory related to figurative and operative functions, autistic children have a defect in sensory motor neurons resulting in arrest of operative functions while having normal figurative functions (Marion et al., 2016). Thus higher-level of figurative, social skills fail to develop completely due to this arrest in children. However, no cognitive theory so far could provide a complete picture of autism development and has only explained the static cognitive impairment (Hall, 2012). How does superhero narratives connect with autistic children Comics are an art form of communicating various messages in an artistic way using outlandish fantasy and absurd characters (Gresh Weinberg, 2003). Since the last couple of centuries they have been playing an important role in the life of children and have been embraced by academia as well (Saraceni, 2000). Recently comics are developed with characters playing the role depicting particular disability. The advent of digital comics have has revolutions this art work. With the growing demand of tablets and smartphones, usage as well as desktop screen reading comics are increasing released in digital format (Rutter Schopler, 2012). For example, the Marvel comics offer a subscription service for users to read online comics from Marvels history. According to the survey reports Schreibman et al., (2015) most girls get bored with princess movies but never with superhero narratives. Most of these girls have in their opinion that a superhero will always win in a fight against a princess. Superheroes are highly engrossed in the childhood culture. According to Radley et al., (2014) the most common thing about superheroes right from masked villain to caped crusader that all the children love irrespective of being autistic is their power. It is their power to fly, read minds, shoot fire, throw cars and fighting skills. According to the research conducted by Justin Martin the psychology professor at Whitworth University, it is not just the power that makes attract these kids towards superheroes rather the pursuit of justice (Wood, 2015). Gardner, (2013) demonstrated that justice is the first thing that shrine when looking at superheroes. Kids mostly like the superheroes self-sacrifice and hope in the face of insurmountable odds. As p er martin, the powerful impetus for change for young autistic children is the unique origin of each superhero story. For example, Peter Parker receiving unique powers after being bitten by radioactive spider and later uses these powers for personal benefits and turning into Spider-Man. He further sinks in the message that great power brings along a great responsibility. Piaget, (2013) studied attitudes of kids towards superhero comics and learned from a 7 year old girl that she personally preferred Scarlet Witch because of her moral arc. Superheroes such Batman, Spider-Man and Superman are extremely popular among children irrespective of their growth environment (Wilson, 2005). Curiosity and imagination are the key aspects of growth of every child and they imitate adults and talk to strangers in order to show their fascination with things that are beyond their realm of possibilities. Children need their moral imagination to be healthy and refined for decision-making. The components of this moral imagination are the ability to view ones life as narrative and utilization of moral perception (Burn Durran, 2007). The story of Guardians of the Galaxy has inspired the autistic children to be like a superhero in the movie (Inhelder et al., 2014). Children with autism who cannot do metaphors can relate themselves with Drax the Destroyer in the movie who also cannot comprehend metaphors. Superhero comics with characters playing the role of an autistic individual or having any other disability help autistic children to reflec t on their life experiences, and allow them to decide the important factors of their life (Autism Society, 2016). The autistic children enjoy comics because they can relate themselves with the characters in the story, which allows them to reconstruct their identity. Therefore, superheroes can be a great moral-teaching tool for teachers and parents (Wilson, 2005). Children believing in a just world are known to find learning a positive experience, trust their teachers and succeed in school. Martin believes that superhero narratives are more desired among autistic children for whom the world appears to be filled with terror. Among these children, superhero narratives become a personal treasure. Autistic children watching Batman helping the city of Gotham and neighbors on the street learn empathy and tend to make positive connections around them (Autism Speak, 2016). These superhero narratives also introduce these children with interpersonal superpowers such as differentiating between right and wrong, truth and lies and other emotions (Bainbridge, 2015). Therefore, the justice factor emphasized by the superheroes and its relationship with childrens beliefs in just world has been recognized to serve as an educational function for autistic children t o enhance their moral development. Digital comics are a source of motivation for impressionable young audience and teach autistic children who have low self-esteem and confidence that they too can be heroes (Martin, 2007). It demonstrates the world that anything can be done by having a right mindset and a pure heart. It sends a message that heroic mindset does not pay heed to perceived flaws, poor medical condition and disability (Burn Durran, 2007). These digital comics illustrate that in order to be a hero one does not need to mould their true nature to appear in certain way rather can be a true self. The superhero comics act as a tool to instill belief among these children in that just world (Rubin Livesay, 2006). Superheroes fill a void in the life of autistic children by instilling a hope even in darkest hour. These believe act as a catalyst for change on a micro-level and in addition, it have a trickledown effect on the kids and adults. Various characters in superhero narratives such as (Seth in Circling Norma l or Drax in Guardians of Galaxy) have a given a confidence to millions of mentally challenged children that they can uphold responsibility and wield great power (Bainbridge, 2015). These children too can now indulge in fantasy like other normal kids and dream of themselves developing and showing heroic spirit. Autistic children relating themselves with superhero characters in comic movie and stories indicate the positive power of superhero movies in enhancing personal attachment where kids can take a piece of action to their home calling their own (NAS, 2016). Recently, it has been observed that superheroes not only appeal and connect with kids in comics rather their ability has seeped into the classroom as well. Some researchers have found success in creating social skills training for autistic children using superhero themes and is highlighted in (Wilson, 2005). According to Piaget, (2015), most autistic children have trouble relating socially with their peers and simply teaching such social skills is not enough for them. It implies that a program that resonates with autistic children is required to be developed. Therefore, superheroes was recognized as a sticky factor that is difficult for autistic children to get out of their head. Hence, Jenson the professor of educational psychology at Utah University and his team have developed a superheroes social skills program for teaching autistic children. This multimedia program uses different characters such as Scooter, Iron Man, to teach different lessons. The results of this program were fo und effective. Educators of autistic children are geared towards their moral development through powerful comic characters rather than focusing on the test scores (Bainbridge, 2015). The aim of developing such classroom is to foster positivity and practicality in children and help them lead one such life as depicted in superhero narratives. Teachers can use a childs fascination with superheroes to explain them the way of behaving inside and outside the classroom. Park et al., (2012) suggested that educators can monitor students superhero play and use the characters in the play to help students differentiate between the negative and positive behavior, cooperation and the ways of conflict resolution. However, teachers must lay little emphasize upon the dark side of these superheroes and instill in minds of children that violence is used as last resort. For example, Spider-Man responds only to situation that are morally important and use violence only when they recognize that not appre hending the villains may harm well being of others. Therefore, it is the responsibility of the educators to facilitate development of autistic children using superhero tool (Inhelder et al., 2012). Burn Durran, (2007) highlighted a fact that the influence of superhero comics on autistic children has larger implications for society. For example Comics such as The Ride Together has well demonstrated that how autism becomes part of the familys collective identity. In this comic story, Paul and Judy Karsaik describes their experiences of growing up with their brother, who is autistic. In one of the comic strip Paul narrated that how their autistic brother loudly applauded and behaved unusually while watching a movie and how he was embarrassed. In Circling Normal Montague-Reyes has based her strips about Seth who was diagnosed with autism at age of two and depicted his emotional experiences such as aggression, anxiety. Similarly, X-Men has motivated large number of children as he demonstrated love and acceptance through his work towards uniting humans despite their individual differences by internalizing his professors teaching (Gresh Weinberg, 2003). These comic strips have addre ssed the debate topic whether to accept or normalize children (Locke, 2005). These comics help autistic children to meet the standards set by their adults being inspired by the mighty image of superhero coming out victorious from unfortunate of circumstances (Rubin Livesay, 2006). The comic strip conversation has been recognized to improve the autistic childrens social skills and reduce the signs of loneliness. Autistic children fail to express their thoughts as a result of which they experience isolation from others. These comics give them a sigh of relief making them believe that their behavior is normal and assure them that they can also live happy life (Rutter Schopler, 2012). The literature review has showed that autistic children are more engaged with friends and peers after applying superheroes social skills programs or interventions (Radley, Hanglein, Arak, 2016). This has further led to positive outcomes and improved language skills. These comics play an important role a s they have become a form of academic studies which aims to incorporate the fullness of experience of autistic children (Burn Durran, 2007). The comics are powerful in demonstrating the emotional, social, motor, sensory, and cognitive factors affecting an individual, therefore, avoiding the person being reduced to stereotype of one particular facet of his or her identity. These superhero narratives assist society to accept such people and embrace them inspite of the differences (Rutter Schopler, 2012). Teaching programs in classrooms include assigning children with roles of different superhero characters to play help resolve various conflicts when for example, assigning same superhero character to two children, and debated over team goals (Piaget, 2013). When individual roles are assigned to the children, it helps them to resolve issues of gender equity, for example some girls preferred X-Men than other superheroes (McLoud, 2000). The reason behind such preferences being the fact that the unlike other superhero groups, X-Men group represents female members (Rubin Livesay, 2006). These superheroes are agents of social change as they fight for justice and equality. Use of superheroes in social skills training program for autistic children by Jenson has helped such children to perform their work even when others disagree with them. They tend to align themselves with the prosocial behavior demonstrated by their superheroes (Inhelder, Sinclair Bovet, 2014). Conclusively, superhero nar ratives are creating a pathway for academic, moral and social development of autistic children. Educators must understand as to why a particular child fascinate about a specific superhero character and use this fascination to foster their growth and similar behavior in them (Burn Durran, 2007). It implies for the teachers that they should incorporate favorite superhero character of children into play activities and lessons to facilitate their learning process and ensure that the influence is positive and educational (Piaget, 2015). Various schools have used Manga to teach chemistry and biology to the students and results showed that children have found these strategy interesting and has improved the learning of complex subject (Radley, Hanglein Arak, 2016). Educators can incorporate the Piagets theory of children learning to improve learning outcomes of autistic children. As per Piagets experimental observations with children of different age, it is necessary that a teacher should mainly focus on the thinking process of an autistic child (Burn Durran, 2007). While checking answers teachers must analyze that what thought process made a student to reach particular answer. According to Piagets experiences with children, positive learning outcomes are built on their cognitive functions and such experiences can be provided to the students only when the teacher appreciates childrens basis of reaching a conclusion (Piaget, 2013). Piaget emphasize on providing an environment with conditions of inventions for children rather than giving them a readymade knowledge (Martin, 2007). This will ensure promotion of childrens self initiate and active involvement spontaneously. Further most teachers in UK and US intend to speed up the development and le arning process (Rubin Livesay, 2006). However, in piagetian classroom, children have a window for true cognitive understanding. It implies for the teachers that premature teaching should be avoided as it only leads to superficial acceptance of the adult formulas. Further, education programs based on Piagets theory includes acceptance of the individual differences in developmental progress (Tatalovic, 2009). Teachers must take into account that each child has different rate of cognitive development and therefore arrange classroom activities accordingly including small groups of people rather than involving the total class. Further, the teacher must regularly assess the progress of individual child in terms of their previous course of development. Educators must avoid taking into consideration the normative standards provided by the performance of same age peers (Inhelder, Sinclair Bovet, 2014). Therefore, keeping in view the theories of Piaget, some of the promising strategies for teaching autistic children include teaching plan that is abstract, concrete and well structured as autistic children cannot handle complex stuff (Martin, 2007). Teachers should focus on scaffold language support by segregating children according to language level and use more simple language while teaching lesson (Rubin Livesay, 2006). Teachers should ensure developing a fun and nurturing classroom environment that will increase self-motivation by fostering self-esteem and confidence. More classrooms in US for autistics are decorated with colorful funny pictures that most children fascinate about. These also include comic story superheroes to motivate them (Wilson, 2005). The strategies also include increasing social initiations, use of role-play and modeling to teach social skills. It also includes use of behavior charts, and reinforce particular behavior with stars to reduce other interfering b ehaviors (Wilson, 2005). As per the Piagets theory children need to interact with materials and people around them to suffice their curiosity (Tatalovic, 2009). These strategies also include promotion of skill generalization by promoting peer involvement, involving parents and multiple trainers. Children should be allowed to practice skills in a natural setting providing multiple opportunities (Tatalovic, 2009). There must be regular evaluating system to track the progress and provide students with home assignments in addition to practical sessions (Burn Durran, 2007). The Social skills training program by Jenson utilize similar strategies and have come with positive outcomes. The key aspect of these interventions is the need to focus on one-on-one direct teaching by truly creating a social situation involving interaction with varied people. According to Thompson, (2013) partnership and cooperation can be encouraged by involving children in group activities (Schreibman et al., 2015 ). The most important aspect of teaching social skills to autistic children is to promote childrens learning by explaining the relevance of a particular skill. This will help children stuck in learning a skill (Park et al., 2012). The sum of these strategies is also called as Pivotal Response Treatment (Park et al., 2012). Schreibman et al., (2015) highlighted that the social story method is effective for helping a child with autism to understand, respond and meet the expected needs. The stories of superheroes or any other comic strip conversation help children to learn and behave appropriately and have significantly improved their inclusion in classroom activities. Further, teachers support the autistic children to communicate through computer or typewriter. Overall the autistic children need learning environment that is conducive to the unique needs of children and it has been observed recently that incorporating superhero narratives in every stage of child development have helped to enhance the learning experience of autistic children and invigorate the educators working in such supportive learning environment. Conclusion The correct approach for dealing with autistic children is still a mystery for the teachers and physicians. Learning the autism and teaching theories may help care providers to deduce correct approach and steps for building up the knowledge for autistic children. Digital comics are useful in being an empathetic representation of autism where they can highlight both the values of difference and the ordinariness of aberration. Comics promote social change by advocating for human rights for people with autism. Colorful comics representing autism spectrum allow family members to develop strategies to help their autistic kids to strive to be successful in their environment and in life. Superhero narratives are creating a pathway for academic, moral and social development of autistic children. Comics are excellent in conveying the experiences of the disability in a lived context because of the ability to depict both the spatial and temporal relationships simultaneously. Majority of childre n and adults embraces comics as they provide a means to realize our own life by seeing into experiences of the characters by the use of thought bubbles, jagged lines for demonstrating anxiety, sound effects and relative fullness. Comic books superheroes characters are efficient in raising public awareness about disability issues. Consequently, it leads to personal empowerment, promote cultural understanding, and raise activism across cultures. Diverse modes of communication are required to understand autism that will assist humanities scholars involved in the studies of disability to incorporate different perspectives in their work. Studies of comics paint a picture of multiple embodied and cognitive style of living. They emphasize the importance of nonverbal form of expression, for example some comics portray the powerful communicativeness of silence. The literature review implies for the teachers that it is not difficult to teach the students with autism or convey their messages. Educators, therapists and the general practioners can use the theories of Piagets cognitive development and the various aspects of superhero narratives to develop an effective teaching plan to meet their educational and development needs. The speech and language therapists too can use some of these components to enhance their language skills. The effectiveness of media teaching has been explored by several researchers and thereby it is recommended to all the educators, therapists and teachers of autistic children for keeping latest technology and childrens fascination in mind while delivering any services. References Schreibman, L., Dawson, G., Stahmer, A. C., Landa, R., Rogers, S. J., McGee, G. G., ... McNerney, E. (2015). Naturalistic developmental behavioral interventions: Empirically validated treatments for autism spectrum disorder.Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders,45, 2411-2428. Thompson, T. (2013). Autism research and services for young children: History, progress and challenges.Journal of applied research in intellectual disabilities,26(2), 81-107. Radley, K. C., Ford, W. B., McHugh, M. B., Dadakhodjaeva, K., OHandley, R. D., Battaglia, A. A., Lum, J. D. (2015). Brief report: Use of Superheroes Social Skills to promote accurate social skill use in children with autism spectrum disorder.Journal of autism and developmental disorders,45(9), 3048-3054. Radley, K. C., Jenson, W. R., Clark, E., Hood, J. A., Nicholas, P. (2014). Using a multimedia social skills intervention to increase social engagement of young children with Autism Spectrum Disorder.Intervention in School and Clinic, 1053451214532350. Radley, K. C., Hanglein, J., Arak, M. (2016). School-based social skills training for preschool-age children with autism spectrum disorder.Autism, 1362361315617361. Wood, E. (2015). Understanding Complexity in Play through Interpretivist Research.The SAGE Handbook of Early Childhood Research, 291. Piaget, J. (2015).The Grasp of Consciousness (Psychology Revivals): Action and Concept in the Young Child. Psychology Press. Rutter, M., Schopler, E. (2012).Autism: A reappraisal of concepts and treatment. Springer Science Business Media. Piaget, J. (2013).Success and understanding. Routledge. Inhelder, B., Sinclair, H., Bovet, M. (2014).Learning and the Development of Cognition (Psychology Revivals). Psychology Press. Gardner, H. (2013). The theory of multiple intelligences1.Teaching and Learning in the Secondary School, 38. Martin, J. F. (2007). Children's attitudes toward superheroes as a potential indicator of their moral understanding.Journal of Moral Education,36(2), 239-250. Rubin, L., Livesay, H. (2006). Look, up in the sky! Using superheroes in play therapy.International Journal of Play Therapy,15(1), 117. Bainbridge, J. (2015). The Call to do Justice: Superheroes, Sovereigns and the State During Wartime.International Journal for the Semiotics of Law-Revue internationale de Smiotique juridique,28(4), 745-763. Wilson, B. (2005). More lessons from the superheroes of JC Holz: The visual culture of childhood and the third pedagogical site.Art Education,58(6), 18-34. Burn, A., Durran, J. (2007).Media literacy in schools: Practice, production and progression. Sage. Tatalovic, M. (2009). Science comics as tools for science education and communication: a brief, exploratory study.Jcom,8(4), A02. Autism Society What is Autism?. (2016). Autism-society.org. Retrieved 28 September 2016, from https://www.autism-society.org/what-is/ McLoud, S. (2000). Reinventing Comics: How Imagination and Technology Are Revolutionizing an Art Form.Perennial, New York, 118-122. Wolk, D. (2007).Reading comics: How graphic novels work and what they mean. Da Capo Press. Gresh, L. H., Weinberg, R. (2003).The science of superheroes. John Wiley Sons. Locke, S. (2005). Fantastically reasonable: ambivalence in the representation of science and technology in super-hero comics.Public Understanding of Science,14(1), 25-46. Saraceni, M. (2003).The language of comics. Psychology Press. Cohn, N. (2013).The Visual Language of Comics: Introduction to the Structure and Cognition of Sequential Images. AC Black. Marion, I. W., Nelson, T. M., Sheller, B., McKinney, C. M., Scott, J. M. (2016). Dental stories for children with autism.Special Care in Dentistry. Hall, L. J. (2012).Autism spectrum disorders: From theory to practice. Pearson Higher Ed. Simmons, E. S., Paul, R., Volkmar, F. (2014). Assessing pragmatic language in autism spectrum disorder: the Yale in vivo pragmatic protocol.Journal of Speech, Language, and Hearing Research,57(6), 2162-2173. Park, J. H., Abirached, B., Zhang, Y. (2012, May). A framework for designing assistive technologies for teaching children with ASDs emotions. InCHI'12 Extended Abstracts on Human Factors in Computing Systems(pp. 2423-2428). ACM. Autism Speaks. (2016). Autism Speaks. Retrieved 28 September 2016, from https://www.autismspeaks.org/ NAS. (2016). Autism.org.uk. Retrieved 28 September 2016, from https://www.autism.org.uk/professionals/conferences/behaviour/about.aspx

Lab on Aspirin Tablets Essay Example

Lab on Aspirin Tablets Essay This lab was basically about finding the percentage of acetylsalicylic acid in an aspirin tablet. First, the base was created, which was made out of 1. 00 g of NaOH and D-water. Then the buret was attached to the clamp on the ring stand and the base was poured into the buret. After that, one by one, an aspirin tablet was dropped into an Erlenmeyer flask filled with 50 mL of D-water so that it could become dissolved. After the tablet was completely dissolved, a few drops of phenol were added, and the base was added very slowly, changing the color of the mixture into a pink. The flask was to be swiveled around. This was done three times, trying to get the pink color to stay for at least two minutes. Materials: * D-water * Scale * Slop beaker * Erlenmeyer Flask x3 * Volumetric Flask * Ring Stand * Buret * Buret Clamp * Phenolphthalein * NaOH * Weighing boats * Aspirin Tablets x3 * Stirring Rod * Scoopula Purpose: The purpose of this lab was to find the percentage of acetylsalicylic acid in n aspirin tablet. Theory/Intro: Aspirin possesses a number of properties that make it the most recommended drug pretty often. It is an analgesic, which means that it is very effective in pain relief. Being an anti-inflammatory agent, it is also provides some relief from the swelling associated with arthritis and minor injuries. It also reduces fever because it is an antipyretic compound. More than 40 million poun ds of aspirin are produced in the U. S. every year. This rate breaks down to about 300 tablets per year for every woman, man, and child. We will write a custom essay sample on Lab on Aspirin Tablets specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Lab on Aspirin Tablets specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Lab on Aspirin Tablets specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer However, repeated use may cause gastrointestinal bleeding, and large doses can provoke a host of reactions including vomiting, diarrhea, vertigo, and hallucinations. The average dose is approximately 0. 3-1 g, but single doses of 10-30 g can be deadly. The most important compound in the synthesis of aspirin, salicylic acid, is prepared from phenol by a process discovered over 100 years ago by a German chemist Hermann Kolbe. Also known as acetylsalicylic acid, aspirin has a chemical formula of C9H8O4. Aspirin is sold over the counter and comes in many different forms. You can have white tablets to chewing gum and rectal suppositories. Also available are coated, chewable, buffered and extended release forms. Over the counter medicines like Alka-Seltzer Original Effervescent Antacid Pain Reliever, contains aspirin for pain relief. Aspirin belongs to a group of drugs called salicylates. Aspirin isn’t so easy on the stomach because it is quickly absorbed into the bloodstream and provides quick and relatively long-lasting pain relief. Aspirin also reduces inflammation. Researchers believe these effects come about because aspirin blocks the production of pain-producing chemicals which are called prostaglandins. While it does relieve pain and reduce inflammation, it also lowers fever by acting on the part of the brain that regulates temperature. The brain then sends signals to the blood vessels to widen, which allow any heat to leave the body more effectively. Procedures: 1. Make 100 mL of 0. 20M NaOH solution. 2. Find mass of one tablet. 3. Dissolve tablet in flask using, 50mL of D-water. Use a stirring rod to assist in crushing and dissolving the tablet. There should be some powdery substances on the bottom of the flask, it’s the starches put in the tablets. 4. While one partner is dissolving the tablet the other one should be setting up the buret and stand. Place the clamp on the stand. Next wash the buret with a little D-water before placing the buret on the clamp. Next fill the buret with NaOH solution up to a place above the â€Å"O† marking on the buret. Open the buret, to allow some of the base to run into a slop beaker thus filling the tip. Make sure the level of the liquid is now below the zero mark. Record the reading after filling the tip. 5. Add several drops of the indicator, phenolphthalein, to the flask. 6. Slowly add the base while swirling the flask. Continue add base until a faint pink color stays in flask. Record the value from the buret. Add a few drops more and see if the color stays and changes. You do not want a dark purple color. Record the final value of base needed. 7. Repeat the process for two more tablets, for three in total. Refill the buret after each trial. Drawing Observations: 1. The aspirin tablets were white. 2. The aspirin tablets had a smooth texture. 3. The aspirin tablets were odorless. 4. The NaOH was a frosted white color. 5. The NaOH was odorless. 6. The base was a clear color; no powdery substances were left behind. . When the NaOH was put in D-water it dissolved thoroughly leaving nothing behind. 8. When the aspirin tablets were put in D-water they took a while to dissolve. 9. When the aspirin tablets were finally dissolved, powdery substances were left behind. 10. When the base was mixed with the dissolved aspirin tablets nothing happened. 11. When the drops of phenol were added, then the mixture turn ed pink. 12. At first, the base was added to quickly so it turned into a dark pink, almost purple. 13. After swiveling the mixture a few times it would lose its pink coloring and turn back into a clear color. 4. At the second try, the base turned into a medium pink color. 15. It stood pink for a longer period of time, approximately 1 minute. 16. The mixtures for all three trials were odorless. 17. At the last try, the base was a light pink color, and it stayed for two minutes. 18. When too much base was added to the phenol/ dissolved aspirin, the mixture would turn into a dark pink. 19. When the base was added in slowly, the pink color lasted a longer time. 20. The faster the base was added, the darker the mixture got, and the longer it took to return to its original clear color. Conclusion: One source of error could’ve been that the NaOH solution that was poured into the buret wasn’t at the zero mark. This could have affected the end results because if it wasn’t at the zero mark that means that we had more liquid then needed, so when the base was poured into the phenol/dissolved aspirin mixture the recordings weren’t accurate. That means that the calculations were thrown off because the wrong amount was used. Another source of error could’ve been that when the 1. 00 g of NaOH was measured it wasn’t exact. The scale is very sensitive and maybe breathing could’ve affected the outcome. This affects our results because now there isn’t as much NaOH as there should be in the base, which could cause a difference when the aspirin and phenol are mixed with base. The color could’ve maybe stayed for longer. The last source of error could’ve been that the base was poured in too quickly from the buret, causing the color change to be off.

Communication Strategy Memo Essays

Communication Strategy Memo Essays Communication Strategy Memo Paper Communication Strategy Memo Paper The bulk of the issues as I understand them are finding a manner to properly address the practice your company has been performing In regards towards reaffirmation agreements to those whom have filed bankruptcy. Too lesser extent if these agreements are even ethical despite the signed having been awarded bankruptcy or not. My intentions or expertise Is not to provide the proper solutions for your company to take, but to provide the most efficient manner which to communicate those directives established. This memo is constructed in the form of addressing the primary stakeholders whom must be communicated towards and the est. strategies with which to do so. To help see how these strategies are effective I will provide a sample solution directive, then provide the details of communicating said solution. Phoenix Team The suggested solution towards these management stakeholders is to Instruct them to align and embrace a new business strategy of abolishing reaffirmation agreements. They will need to further understand how these practices cannot continue from a legal or ethical prospective. In accomplishing this, embrace and adherence from the management the management team is a necessity to funnel hose new directions. Prior to this meeting, establishing a communication plan is paramount. The first step should be to send out memo to the team instructing them towards the Intention of the meeting. Tensions will already be high and do not need further arousal from the unknown leading in. A man surprised is half beaten. (Resource, 2013) In this memo do not attack for past actions, simply explain the serious current state of affairs and ask Tort everyone to erelong a enlightened level AT comprehension. The next step in the plan should be in regards towards a direction set out for the eating. Having a clear path and staying the course will allow a better flow of communication. Use visual aids in conjunction to help more visual listeners understanding. Possibly start with a review of the memo and current problem at hand. Get the audience emotionally invested by the tale of Francis Alteration; the disabled security guard. (Resource, 2013) Once attention has been derived, move straight into the new directions. Finally ask, not tell that everyone places this as the highest priority. Upon completion send another memo out to reinforce the issues. It is important for you to also embrace a few concepts when communicating towards these people. First you have a very large audience of 200. In this audience you will have a various forms of personalities, therefore it is important to keep things simple and clear thereby allowing the greatest amount of satisfaction towards retention. This being a critical issue, you must keep your emotions in control. . Wherever the fault lies, it is not isolated. Be honest and explain that to everyone. Use phrases as US and WE; steer clear of You. Think about a simple phrase Be a Light not a Judge! Reaffirmation Agreement Signed The proposed solution of discontinuing these types of agreements seems inevitable. In determining the best communication strategy to these individuals the company should keep a couple things in mind. The basis should be a manner which to convey accountability without admitting liability. This will prove to be the most difficult communication technique. The communication will be performed by the companys employees. We will outline strategies to generate greater communication abilities from these individuals through credit divisions. This section is to provide a strategy or which the credit divisions can reflect upon. The initial communication channel to these individuals should be to send a letter of dismissal. The key tactic here is the language used to persuade the signed that the company is empathetic. The language used can be one of the greatest abilities of communication. Depending on the style of language used, the intention can be view from a positive or a negative light. Included in this letter should be a positive reflection of the companies change in policy. Details should include empathy towards the signets situation and the companies understanding. Ask if they have filed bankruptcy; if so explain that a copy would allow discontinued efforts to collect. If they have not, explain understanding and ask that they do the best they can and wish them the best. Communications are received in a more favorable light from a friend then and enemy. Therefore become a friend. The next step should be to reach out through alternative forms of communications. Emailing a similar more condensed letter to those whom have not responded is one form. It is important however through these communications not to develop and Invasive nature, odometer It teen cant De overwhelmed Witt mass attempts call center should make direct contact through phones systems. Where the letter can be reviewed until it fulfills its intention, the phone calls will require more communications training by employees. Employees Previous sections have provided the solutions for the company to take to combat this issue. The greatest challenge to ensure the companies moves in the right direction will be in the companys employees to properly communicate this direction. The solution would be to set up a new corporate division which singular goal is to provide roper communications training. A couple examples of training that should be included by this division are: Attentive Listening This is training which involves teaching employees the importance of interactive listening. Through more attentive listening skills the employees should be able to better decide the right path to approach the signed. Some further advantages promote acceptance, prevent insecurities and increase the retention in the signed when the employee speaks. In simple terms it is not treating them as a deadbeat, but learning to communicate respect. Persuasion/ Motivation The emphasis of this training should be designed to teach employees the skill which to motivate or persuade employees. Teaching an understanding of how to use Alders ERG needs theory provides the employees the ability better communication. Within these needs are examples of existence which include basic survival needs and safety needs. Next is Relatedness which encompasses emotional needs of others and finally growth which is personal development. (Resource, 2013) Obviously existence is vital; however for employees to become skilled at communicating the intended message, Relatedness will be vital. Appealing to the signed needs in these regards allows for a great deal of opening up communications channels. In many regards this is the trust stage which can be had if appeals to this need are communicated properly. Stockholder Once the information about these agreements go public, it will be critical to settle the stockholders. The best strategy in communicating this should first to get out ahead of the issue with them. Again, do not allow surprise to cause further communication difficulties. Confidential The first thing to do is send out a registered letter to all stockholders.

Study Guide and Quiz on Organ Systems

Study Guide and Quiz on Organ Systems The human body is made up of several organ systems that work as one unit. The major organ systems of the body work together, either directly or indirectly, to keep the body functioning normally. Organ Systems Some of the major organ systems of the body include: Circulatory System: The circulatory system circulates blood by pulmonary and systemic circuits. These pathways transport blood between the heart and the rest of the body. Digestive System: The digestive system processes the foods we eat in order to supply nutrients to the body. These nutrients are transported throughout the body by the circulatory system. Endocrine System: The endocrine system secretes hormones to regulate organ function and body processes, such as growth and maintaining homeostasis. Integumentary System: The integumentary system covers the exterior of the body, protecting internal structures from damage, germs, and dehydration. Nervous System: The nervous system consists of the brain, spinal cord, and nerves. This system monitors and controls all body systems and responds to external influences on the body. Reproductive System: The reproductive system ensures the survival of a species through the production of offspring by sexual reproduction. Male and female reproductive organs are also endocrine organs that secrete hormones to regulate sexual development. Quiz Do you know which organ system contains the largest organ in the body? Test your knowledge with the interactive organ systems quiz.

Strategic property management Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3000 words

Strategic property management - Essay Example (LISC, 2007). It is very essential for any organization to build and improve their performances by using strategic property management. It is strongly recommended that, in providing efficient manpower, goods, materials and property, the local authorities' needs to make sure the fiscal use of capital. But there is a huge amount of costs to deal with these for why these costs receive an enormous deal of consideration, though property has received comparatively less attention. The 3 'Es' in the management of property asset There are two key factors regarding the term strategic property management. "These are: - 1. The efficient and effective management and use of the council's capital assets; And 2. Effective management and budgetary control over council" (Doncaster Metropolitan Borough Council, 2008). Like other organizations, the management of property resources need to apply and maintain the 3'E's, economy, efficiency and effectiveness in a best way in their decision making policies. Figure : The 3 'E's in the management of property asset Example ECONOMY EFFECTIVENESS EFFICIENCY Source: 212278_3 es-background material.pdf Now it is needed to explain the 3 'E's in the management of property asset. At first, the management focuses on emphasizing starting a given job and spending the money to provide the salary cost. Their task is always to get the maximum output by providing the minimum input that refers the optimum uses of resources. This stage is called the economy stage though here efficiency is equally needed to do so. Then at the next stage, activities and other works by the employees are done and the management evaluate the retainable efficiency, whether it is ok or not. Then in the next stage the authority puts emphasis on the... Now it is needed to explain the 3 ‘E’s in the management of property asset. At first, the management focuses on emphasizing starting a given job and spending the money to provide the salary cost. Their task is always to get the maximum output by providing the minimum input that refers the optimum uses of resources. This stage is called the economy stage though here efficiency is equally needed to do so. Then at the next stage, activities and other works by the employees are done and the management evaluate the retainable efficiency, whether it is ok or not. Then in the next stage the authority puts emphasis on the output of the first two stages. This refers the job output done from the previous two stages. Here both efficiency and effectiveness are considered as the measurement of this process. In this stage, the organization gets the first touch of their achievement. Then at the final stage the whole process is done and again the process started. The Audit Commission ha s encouraged the proper utilization of community money by ensuring the proper stewardship of public finances and helps those responsible for public services to achieve economy, efficiency and effectiveness. For example: (a) The quality of the services that the organization offers can be reduced if the wrong types of property are selected. That indicates that the right thing should be at right place and in a right way. (b) There should not be any type of unplanned building that makes the cost increased. Otherwise it would be termed as wastage for the company.

The Truth Behind the Elgin Marbles Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

The Truth Behind the Elgin Marbles - Essay Example With all these in mind, Elgin marbles indeed represented rich scenes of Athens history. His controversial acquisition of which happened in Athens between 1801 and 1805, when he claimed to have obtained a permit from the Ottoman authorities to remove some of which from the Parthenon (British Museum, n.d.). The issue on the Elgin Marbles came about when Elgin starts to remove about half of the remaining Parthenon sculptures by transporting it by sea to Britain. The collection which includes objects from other buildings of Acropolis such as the Erechtheion, the Propylaia, and the Temple of Athena Nike were housed in the Elgin Room at the British Museum where it remained until the Duveen Gallery was built. Here, he faced some criticisms, associating his actions to vandalism or stealing. On the other hand, there were some people who supported him. This resulted to the growth of a public debate reaching the courts of the Parliament as to whether the Marbles should remain in the British Mus eum since it was purchased by the British government or to be returned to Athens (British Museum, n.d.). ... However, though Elgin claims that he was given permission by the Sultan to do so, he is not able to show the original document that proves the truth to it, although there are said to be translated versions of which in Italian, the authenticity of which are being doubted upon. To confirm the legality of Elgin’s action, he requested to have an examination of the documents that would make the purchase authorized. In the process of doing so, they found out that the claimed document was an accurate translation of an Ottoman firman that is dated July 1801. According to Elgin, he took this as an authorization to remove the marbles from Athens. Now, the question is if any of the Ottoman’s party was informed by this activity of Elgin when it is alleged that the said Italian copy of the firman was not presented to them by Elgin or anyone from his party. According to one of his associates, named Rev. Philip Hunt, he was not able to bring the document because he was not informed th at he was going to testify as a witness to this agreement. The issue gets trickier when William St. Clair, a biographer of Lord Elgin attests to have Hunt’s Italian document and guarantees the accuracy of the English translation when the document presented to the committee actually did not have any signature or the Ottoman’s firman that automatically nulls its validity. Also, the lines contained in the document pertaining to the removal of the marbles in fact only holds a permission for Elgin’s team to fix scaffolding, make drawings, and measure the remains of the ruined buildings and nothing was said about taking it all away (British Museum, n.d.).

Auditory system and optical system Essay Example for Free

Auditory system and optical system Essay Two of the most important sensory systems in human body are optical system and auditory system. Optical system or sometime called visual system involved in the process of taken amount of stimuli and transfer it into some figure that we can perceive as images that make senses. Auditory systems involved in sound wave that transduced by drum ear into some kind of vibration that eventually gets converted back into wave what we perceive as noise. There are a lot of similarities in their mechanisms of how they gather, carry and prepare those informations from sensory neurons. However, there are also a lots of differences on how each system operated and where does it takes information into difference area of the brain. For both systems, optical and auditory, the information comes from our environment in many forms. For example, optical system detected all still images and image in motion as far as human eyes can see. The auditory is ready to absorb any noise or sound for twenty-four hours a day. Their structures and mechanisms are similar in a way they gather information, prepare and perceive those information into something that make sense in our brain. After the sensory neurons carry information into specific system each detect, transduce and coding those information before they being send to central system, the brain. Both systems have similar structure that transmit those information to the final destination, the brain. Even though, both system basic the same. Each system perceive those information that perceive from sensory neuron in totally different way. For instance, optical system receive visible spectrum of wave of electromagnetic radiation. The frequency of wave created color and distinguish brightness by amplitude. In auditory system, the frequency of wave created tone ( pitch) and loudness by amplitude. For the optical system, the cornea gather light rays that pass into inferior of the eyes. The information such as lights brightness, hue/color or motion are translate into coded neural impulse. The codes then carried by optic nerves to the brain. However, the information from one side are send to the opposite side of hemisphere but stimuli go to the same side hemisphere. The optical information are stored in occipital lobes where it was process and try to make sense of those information base on experience and individual perception. For the auditory system, the sounds wave goes through the ear canal and hit the ear drum. They activate the the drum and the information being send through the fluid as a result it bents the hair cell in the cochlea and the information then translate into neural impulse. The intensity of sound waves determine by how many hair cell are fire as well as how frequently they fire. The auditory information then carried by auditory nerve from one side of the ear are sent to the opposite hemisphere. The auditory information are stored in temporal lobes where it was process and try to make sense of those information base on past experience and pattern. In conclusion, the optical and auditory systems have basically the same structure and mechanism but they both different in how they gathering, preparing, detecting, and translating those information. Each system are unique and unbelievably complex structure that we need to learn more.

The Bull Moose :: Moose

The Bull Moose "The Bull Moose" is a poem by one of the great Canadian poets, Alden Nowlan. It is a finely crafted poem by a very talented poet. It reminds us how far away from Nature the lives of ordinary men and women have strayed. This is something common to all of us who live so much our lives in buildings and who so rarely experience Nature in its raw form. Nowlan creates powerful layers of images, and contrasts them in a way to make us feel just how damaging to our minds and souls this separation from Nature has been. His poem is Romantic in the way it tries to remind us of how far we have fallen and how hollow our idea of progress is. Indeed, Nowlan suggests that we may be more of a beast than the moose. The moose presents a picture of strength to the reader. I think he is searching for a place to die, but it can be seen that he still seems very powerful in the way he comes "lurching" and "stumbling" in such a powerful way, until he reaches the edge of his world, and the beginning of our world, at the "pole-fenced pasture." A crowd composed of men, women, and children seems to have materialized out of thin air. These are the representatives of civilized life, and they are uniformly marked by insensitivity and ignorance in the way in which they treat the moose. The people can't seem to understand that the moose is not the same kind of animal as their domesticated cattle, or their pet collie, or the gelded moose they remember having seen. They suffer from a severe kind of blindness which cannot recognize the deeper significance of this moose which has come to them from "the purple mist of the trees" as if he were some kind of mystical being full of ancient truths. The scene quickly dev elops into a pageant of obscenity as some of the men "pry open his jaws with bottles" and then "pour beer down his throat." The moose's crown of thistles is a symbol which serves to remind us of the unjustified suffering of Christ. In this way it makes us see our fellow humans in a revolting light as they proceed toward the humiliation and execution of one of the "lords of life."

Computer program Essay

Discuss the ethics of developing a computer system that track large numbers of their citizens and thair actions? THERE ARE NO ETHICS INVOLVED IN IT. IT IS ALREADY IN PLACE. CELL PHONES ARE JUST GPS TRANSMITTERS AND CREDIT CARD TRANSACTIONS DO A PRETTY GOOD JOB OF SHOWING WHAT A PERSON IS DOING. NOT PARANOID, JUST THE WAY THINGS ARE. Software development tool To help counter terrorism, many countries are planning the development of computer systems that track large numbers of their citizens and their actions. Clearly this has privacy implications. Discuss the ethics of developing this type of system. Ethics is a concern of humans who have freedom of choice. Ethics is about individual choice: When faced with alternative courses of action, what is the correct moral choice? What are the main features of ethical choice? Software engineers have wider responsibilities on systems development than the mere application of their technical skills. Ethically, an engineer should respect the confidentiality of the public irrespective of whether or not a formal confidentiality agreement has been undertaken. Developing computer systems to counter terrorism by tracking citizens of a country and their actions has privacy implications. Privacy entails an individual’s right to control the collection and use of his or her personal information, even after that information is disclosed to others with the consent of that individual. Systems are been developed that violates the human privacy rights. Examples are: Surveillance cameras Surveillance cameras are setup in peculiar places and are often illusive in the sense that individuals don’t realize that they are being filmed. For the most part these cameras are setup with good intensions namely for the benefit of public safety. They can be a vital tool in preventing or solving crimes. The problem is not that the individual is being filmed, but usually this is done without his or her consent. In some cases the surveillance cameras have been unlawful used or setup without permission. Credit cards When we contemplate all the electronic data that is now gathered about each of us as we move through our everyday lives, there seems little doubt that we are leaving behind an electronic record of our activities. The internet There are a multitude of†¦

Analyse the dramatic effectiveness in Act 3, Scene 5 Essay

Looking closely at the characters and language in Romeo and Juliet, analyse the dramatic effectiveness in Act 3, Scene 5 William Shakespeare wrote â€Å"Romeo and Juliet† in 1954, although the basic plot can be traced back as early as the third century. In the play, Shakespeare relies heavily on the poem â€Å"The Tragicall History of Romeus and Juliet† by Arthur Brooke. Most of the people in the Elizabethan era were perceptive enough to concentrate on how the play was being performed and engaged themselves in the language the characters were using. Shakespeare’s audiences had different expectations towards his play, as many of them recognised the story already, they were settled enough to watch it providing the dramatist’s interpretation proved to be unique and original. I have been looking closely at Act 3, Scene 5 where Romeo and Juliet have just been secretly married. The scene opens with the two lovers having to part quickly after the Nurse informs Juliet her mother is swiftly approaching. Already a dramatic atmosphere is created, the audience is almost waiting for Romeo and Juliet to be caught out, this they know can simply not happen. Juliet is understandably tearful; Romeo is sympathetic towards her, showing he really cares for her: â€Å"I will omit no opportunity That will convey my greetings, love, to thee† All this is in comparison to later scenes in the play showing Juliet solitary and unsupported. Between the two lovers, there is a great difference, Romeo appears more optimistic than Juliet who is full of fear, sensing premonitions of her next seeing Romeo dead in a tomb. Her premonitions affect the audience, making them apprehensive and tense: â€Å"O God, I have an ill- divining soul! Methinks I see thee, now thou art so low As one dead in the bottom of a tomb. † The audience hears these harsh, severe words and are reminded of Romeo’s earlier startling premonition that he would die young: â€Å"†¦. My mind misgives Some consequence not yet hanging in the stars†¦.. By come vile forfeit of untimely death. † A chilling effect is created on those viewing the play as they start to realise and understand the significance of the two premonitions. By looking back into earlier scenes, dramatic effectiveness is created. Juliet uses language that shows how she is fearful of how her life with Romeo could easily be destroyed. She speaks to him strongly, showing a strong contrast to her soft words used previously. The strong bond that has been created between the two lovers before the audience’s eyes is momentarily going to be destroyed; tension is created as an aftermath of this feeling. This tension carries on and becomes hugely greater as the news of County Paris’ proposal is first heard of. The audience watch, already aware of the proposal, as the news is given to an extremely shocked Juliet. They wait anxiously for Juliet’s sake as she learns of it, and so a dramatic effectiveness is cast over them. The scene is made effective by the use of irony from Lady Capulet. As Lady Capulet refers to her â€Å"joyful tidings† and Juliet’s response is ironically a pleased one: â€Å"And joy comes well in such a needy time† But then the audience sees the real reason of Lady Capulet’s announcement and the hesitation of the crucial words proves to be highly dramatic, â€Å"Shall happily make thee there a joyful bride† Juliet’s intense anger would make great drama on stage, she shows her raging reaction well: â€Å"Now by Saint Peter’s church and Peter too He shall not make me there a joyful bride! † Juliet’s response shows exactly how she is feeling about the matter; she does not hold back at all. The audience knows the dilemma she is facing, one of bigamy, they are deeply involved and show much needed sympathy to Juliet. In the conversation that follows the cold and sharp language both Juliet and her mother used are very effective. Both sides address each other very formally, Juliet calling Lady Capulet, â€Å"My Lady†, â€Å"Mother† where Lady Capulet calls Juliet â€Å"girl† and â€Å"child†. This doesn’t seem to be the language one would expect from a close knit and loving family. This could lead to the conclusion that Juliet’s relationship is far from the relationship she has with Romeo; a loving and stable one. When Lord Capulet enters Juliet’s room, it proves to be a significantly dramatic scene because of the violence and fury portrayed by Lord Capulet. He arrives in her room in a threatening manner; his wife shows fear warning us to expect the worst, â€Å"Here comes your father. Tell him so yourself And see how he will take it at your hands. † Lord Capulet does not expect Juliet to disobey him, he would simply expect grateful thanks and obedience from his daughter. He portrays himself as someone who is used to getting his own way and the way that he regards himself as royalty emphasises to his huge ego and elevated formal language,†Have you delivered to our decree? † He shows great enthusiasm as he enters Juliet’s room, he seems delighted with his plan and congratulates himself on stage. Being the only man on stage, he is showing domination and the audience can see that he likes to be in control. He makes the women afraid; his centre role on stage shows this. The language that he uses is indeed very dramatic and effective. He poses questions to Juliet, being sharp and short when he does so showing how bewildered he is, and he vociferously attacks his daughter overwhelming her with numerous with numerous questions which she does not have time to answer, â€Å"How? Will she none? Doth she not give us thanks? † Capulet’s sentence construction is cleverly disjointed emphasising greatly on his anger that is building up rapidly. He shows more of an interest in finding a way to answer Juliet’s questions and his concern is more about his cleverness than the distress of his only daughter. He uses aggressive terms to Juliet, † you greensickness carrion†, † young baggage†, both examples are very aggressive and devegiating.

A critical review of literature on the importance of social media in branding The WritePass Journal

A critical review of literature on the importance of social media in branding 1.0 Introduction A critical review of literature on the importance of social media in branding ). On the contrary it can be said that more and more retailers and business are becoming increasingly aware of the social media and are waiting to exploit the potential that social marketing offers (Olivas-lujan, 2013) 1.1 Background Spend on social media by the businesses are on the rise. Recent study by the IAB (Internet Advertising Bureau) shows that in the first half of 2014 in the UK alone, there has been a rise of 53% in the spend on social media by businesses with a total contribution of  £242.5 million (Somerville, 2014). Another study by IAB on FMGC sector consisting of more than 4500 survey responses and 800 interviews showed that 90% of the customers would use social media to refer the brands to peers, 4 in 5 customers would buy products that have good social media coverage and 83% would be willing to try products that are popular in social media (Anon, 2013). Similarly, a research conducted by Mass Relevance that provides social media curation platform to clients found that 59% of the consumers will more likely trust a brand that has presence in the social media and 64% of the consumers interviewed have already made purchases based on social media presence and reviews (Chaney, 2012). Appendix 1 shows the social media advertising effects on consumers (Source: Neilsen Survey: Anon, 2012) 1.2 Motivation From the above, it can be understood that social media has a profound impact on the consumers’ choice of brands and that it is key to engage effectively with customers. There is a lot of literature that discusses about the social media impact on consumers, why businesses should engage with customers, exploiting social media to provide value add etc. The main aim of this research is to look into various key researches in this area and to provide a critical review on the literature. The critical review aims to see if: The problems are identified clearly The literature provides a balanced view There are gaps in the literature 1.3 Research Process The success of the research is admittedly determined by measuring the extent to which each of the research objectives is met. The following steps are followed during this research to ensure its success. These steps are as follows: Firstly, a background into the research and its motivations is given. Following this, the key literature in this area is thoroughly investigated. This is intended to ensure that all aspects of the research are identified and that the challenges or gaps in the current literature are clearly understood. Next, the literature is critically analysed to see if the problems are identified and if it provides a balanced view of the topic. It also looks into the research methodology to see if the methods used are consistent with the qualitative and quantitative methods and also checks for what has not been provided. Finally, this research concludes by providing a conclusion that is supported by evidence presented in the literature. It also makes recommendations where appropriate. In summary, this chapter has provided a brief overview of the research, addressed the key challenges or gaps in the literature and justified the need to conduct this research. This chapter has also set the background and motivations for the research in order to enable the reader to better understand the subsequent chapters. The central question for the research has addressed here, and the reader now also understands the problem statements that have led to this research. 2.0 Literature Review This research discusses about social media and its effect on branding and consumers. But what is social media? The term social media can be defined as â€Å" Many online tools that allow people with similar interests to share information, learn from others, or network in an open process. The information found on these sites is commonly referred to as ‘user-generated content’, which means anyone is able to post with minimal restrictions or oversight.†(Wilson, 2010) Drury (2007) discusses how marketers of various businesses can effectively engage in social media marketing. The paper gives a fairly comprehensive view on what social media is and the role of marketing in social media. It discusses about how social media can be monetised by the marketers. The paper lists out opportunities that can be tapped for commercial benefits and also emphasises on the mobile marketing strategy and describes the success criteria for measuring success. The paper however has the following drawbacks: It is very much general and has no qualitative or quantitative measures to define the success criteria. It gives a good overall picture but it would have been better if the context of the paper was more towards assessing the impact or the Return on Investment (ROI) of a specific sector or business. It lacks specific examples and also does not mention any strategy for implementation or even list challenges that organisations face while implementing good strategies for social media marketing. Michaelidou et al (2011) in their research discuss about social media marketing’s impact on small and medium B2B brands. They discuss in detail the adaption of social media networking as a marketing platform to be able to achieve the brand objectives and also the perceptions around the barriers of using social marketing networks. The research paper makes use of email surveys to understand the usage of social media by small and medium scale businesses that operate in the UK and the main drivers that motivate SMEs to adapt to the new channel of marketing. It clearly states the motivation of the research, giving appropriate background to the research and the method used for the research is depicted concisely. The research analyses the findings from the email survey and discusses the methods used for analysis. It provides a broad range of information and also clearly identifies the shortcomings in the business implementation of social media networking practices. It discusses how t hese pitfalls can be overcome and provides details for further improvement areas and scope for additional research in the future. The drawbacks of the paper are: Sample size: The sample size of the survey could have been more and also various other methods for obtaining the review could have been used. This would have ensured that the B2B base was thoroughly covered. Focus: The focus is on B2B businesses alone. It would have been interesting to see the results if the research was extended to B2C as well for small and medium scale enterprises. Some researches focus specifically on skills gap in digital marketing within specific industries. One such research concentrates on the communications industry (Royle and Laing, 2014). The research discusses the need for having the necessary skills in digital marketing arena and stresses on the growth and popularity of digital/social media marketing. The research explores the various gaps in the industry for digital marketing with a specific emphasis to communications sector and provides a best practice guide for the industry. It details the challenges that organisations face while implementing social media marketing and discusses the need to have evaluation criteria and metrics to critically analyse the success of social marketing strategies and campaigns within organisations. The paper talks about the key challenges that businesses face while trying to merge traditional marketing practices with that of social marketing. The rationale for the research is clearly mentioned and the li terature review is comprehensive. The conceptual framework is clearly detailed and the methodology used for developing the framework is precise. The research makes use of focus groups and interviews to be able to gauge the skill gap in the industry. The drawbacks of this research are: Limited sample size: The research could have used more samples to be able to analyse effectively the findings. Given that the research has already narrowed down by industry, it would have been good to get a more detailed view of the industry and a larger sample would have facilitated this. A study by Harvard Business Review (Edelman, 2010) discusses how the internet and the social marketing has changed not only the way businesses operate but also how consumers choose their products. It takes the reader through the funnel metaphor which was earlier being used by marketers to understand how consumers choose their products and how this has moved to a more open-ended approach whereby consumers no longer follow a methodical approach of selecting products. It stresses how important it is for brands to be able to connect with the consumers and studied the consumers’ decisions across five different industries namely automobiles, skincare, insurance, mobile telecommunications and electronics in three different continents. Based on the results of the study, it proposed a four-stage model that focuses on today’s consumers using social media for advocating products and also purchasing based on the reviews and advocacy received. The research takes the reader through t he entire customer journey and tells the businesses what it should not focus its energy and resources on. Providing statistical information about various surveys enables the businesses to identify the key areas that it should concentrate on to be able to build a good brand image online. Though the research is comprehensive it lacks in the following: Framework: It does not suggest what needs to be done and a framework for implementing those. The key focus is on what not to be done and it leaves it to the businesses to work on the best strategy. Sample size and analysis: The research does not disclose the sample size or indicate clearly the analysis method used to come to the conclusion. This section worked on identifying key research in the literature and also provided a critical review of each of the researches identified. 3.0 Conclusion Though there is a lot of literature on various aspects including but not limited to effects of social media on small and medium scale enterprises, identification of skill gaps in social media with specific emphasis to certain industries, general study on implementation challenges, perception of social media on businesses, barriers to adaptation of social media by businesses etc. it can be found that there is not much literature that specifically talks about a common framework for adapting to social media marketing along with the challenges that businesses might face and the evaluation criteria. Similarly while most of these researches make use of one or more methods for data collection, it is not very comprehensive. There is a gap in the current literature in terms of data collected from a wide range of sources using a bigger sample set. Given that technology has enabled a higher reach to customers, it would be good to get a larger sample to be able to effectively analyse the results . In many cases, the limitations of the research scope could be worked on to be able to get more information on the above mentioned areas. In short, it can be said that the social media marketing and the research around it are yet to attain the maturity level and there is a lot of scope for research that would aid businesses to effectively handle and manage social media marketing concerns and overcome challenges in a seamless and stress-free manner. 4.0 References Tuten, 2008: Advertising 2.0: Social Media Marketing in a Web 2.0 world, Greenwood publishing group. Qualman, 2012: Socialnomics: How social media transforms the way we live and do business, John Wiley Sons Livas-Lujan, 2013: Social Media in Strategic Marketing, Emerald Group publishing limited Somerville, 2014: 18 Digital Marketing Trends you may not have heard about, The Fresh Egg blog accessed at: freshegg.co.uk/blog/18-digital-marketing-trends-for-2014 Anon, 2013: IAB Social Media Effectiveness Research, IAB UK accessed at: iabuk.net/research/library/iab-social-media-effectiveness-research Chaney, 2012: Brands should use social media to engage consumers, amplify messages and promote trust, Digital intelligence today accessed at: http://digitalintelligencetoday.com/brands-should-use-social-media-to-engage-consumers-amplify-messages-and-promote-trust-survey-says/ Anon, 2012: State of the Media, The social media report, Neilsen Wilson, 2010: Social Media and Small Business Marketing, University Business Printing and press, USA Drury, 2007: Opinion Piece: Social Media: Should marketers engage and how can it be done effectively?, Journal of Direct, Data and Digital Marketing Practice Michaelidou et al, 2011: Usage, Barriers and measurement of social media marketing: An exploratory investigation of small and medium B2B brands, Elsevier Royle and Liang, 2014: The digital marketing skills gap: Developing a digital marketer model for communication industries, Elsevier Edelman, 2010: Branding in the digital age: You’re spending your money in all the wrong places, Harvard Business Review

Learn How Apples First Smartphone Came to Be

Learn How Apple's First Smartphone Came to Be According to the Oxford English Dictionary, a smartphone is â€Å"a mobile phone that performs many of the functions of a  computer, typically having a touchscreen interface, internet access, and an operating system capable of running downloaded apps.† As those of you who know your smartphones history are aware, Apple did not invent the smartphone. They did, however, bring us the iconic and much-imitated iPhone, which debuted June 29, 2007. Precursors to the iPhone Prior to the iPhone, smartphones were often, bulky, unreliable, and prohibitively expensive. The iPhone was a game-changer. While its technology was state-of-the-art at the time, since more than 200  patents  went into its original manufacture, theres no pinpointing a single person as the iPhones inventor. Still, a few names- including Apple designers John Casey and Jonathan Ive- stand out as being instrumental in bringing Steve Jobs vision for a touchscreen smartphone to life. While Apple had produced the Newton MessagePad, a personal digital assistant (PDA) device, from 1993 to 1998, the first  concept for a true iPhone-type device came about in 2000 when Apple designer John Casey sent some concept art around via an internal email for something he called the Telipod- a telephone and iPod combination.  The  Telipod  never made it into production but Apple co-founder and CEO Steve Jobs did believe that cell phones with a touchscreen function and access to the Internet were the future of accessible information. Accordingly, Jobs set a team of engineers to tackle the project.   Apples First Smartphone Apples first smartphone, the ROKR E1, was released on Sept. 7, 2005. It was the first mobile phone to use iTunes, the music-sharing software Apple had debuted in 2001. However, the ROKR was an Apple and Motorola collaboration, and Apple was not happy with Motorolas contributions. Within a year, Apple discontinued support for the ROKR. On Jan. 9, 2007, Steve Jobs announced the new iPhone at the Macworld Convention. It went on sale on June 29, 2007. What Made the iPhone So Special Apples chief design officer from 1992 to 2019, Jonathan Ive, was largely responsible for the look and feel of the iPhone. Born in Britain in February 1967, Ive was also the principal designer of the iMac, the titanium and aluminum PowerBook G4, MacBook, unibody MacBook Pro, iPod, iPhone, and iPad. The first smartphone with no dedicated keypad for dialing, the iPhone was entirely a touchscreen device that broke new technological ground with its multitouch controls. In addition to being able to use the screen to select and use apps, users could scroll and zoom as well with a finger swipe. The iPhone also introduced the accelerometer, a motion sensor that allowed the user to turn the phone sideways and have the display automatically rotate to suit. While it was not the first device to have apps or software add-ons, it was the first smartphone to manage the apps market successfully. Siri The iPhone 4S was released with the addition of a personal assistant called Siri, a voice-controlled, artificial intelligence-based assistant that could not only perform numerous tasks for the user, it could also learn and adapt to better serve that user, as well. With the addition of Siri, the iPhone was no longer a mere phone or music player- it literally put an entire world of information at the users fingertips. Waves of the Future Since it made its debut, Apple has continued to improve and update the iPhone. The iPhone 10 (also known as iPhone X), released in November 2017, is the first iPhone to use  organic light-emitting diode  (OLED)  screen technology, wireless charging, and facial recognition technology to unlock the phone. In 2018, Apple released three versions of the iPhone X: iPhone Xs, iPhone X Max (a larger version of the Xs), and the budget-friendly iPhone Xr, all with improved camera technology that enables what Apple terms, Smart HDR (high dynamic range) photography. Going forward, Apple is expected to continue with OLED displays for its 2019 devices, and there are some rumors that the company plans to soon retire its earlier LCD (liquid crystal display) displays altogether.